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In the EU27, social protection expenditure1 accounted for 27,2% of GDP in 2005, in the EU252 this ratio was 27,4% in 2005, compared with 27,3% in 2004 and 27,4% in 2003.

The EU27 average continued to mask major disparities between Member States. Social protection expenditure as a percentage of GDP was above 30% in 2005 in Sweden (32.0%), France (31.5%) and Denmark (30.1%), and below 15% in Latvia (12.4%), Estonia (12.5%), Lithuania (13.2%) and Romania (14.2%).
These disparities reflect differences in living standards, but are also indicative of the diversity of national social protection systems and of the demographic, economic, social and institutional structures specific to each Member State.

In the EU27 in 2005, expenditure on old age and survivors benefits accounted for 46% of total spending on social protection, sickness & health care benefits for 29%, disability benefits and family & children benefits for 8% each, unemployment benefits for 6% and housing & social exclusion benefits for 4%.
This News Release is based on a report3 published by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Communities.
Highest growth rates of social protection expenditure per capita in Romania, Ireland and Hungary Between 2000 and 2005, social protection expenditure per capita grew in real terms in all Member States for which data are available. The highest average annual growth rates were registered in Romania (10.9%), Ireland (9.3%)
and Hungary (8.0%), while the lowest were found in Germany (0.2%), Slovakia (1.3%) and Austria (1.4%). The EU27 average was 2.1%.

In 2005, social protection expenditure per capita in PPS4 (Purchasing Power Standards), which eliminates price level differences between countries, was more than ten times higher in Luxembourg5 than in Romania. The highest spending in PPS per capita was recorded in Luxembourg at more than twice the EU27 average, followed by Denmark and Sweden, both at 40% above the average. The lowest spending was found in Romania (18% of the EU27 average), Bulgaria (21%), Latvia (23%), Lithuania (26%) and Estonia (29%).
Share of social contributions in funding ranges from 29% in Denmark to 84% in Slovakia.

In 2005, the two main sources of funding of social protection at EU27 level were general government contributions from taxes, making up 38% of total receipts, and social contributions (59%). These contributions are divided into those paid by the persons protected i.e. employees, self-employed persons and retired person (21% of total receipts) and those paid by the employers (38%).
More than 70% of total receipts came from social contributions in Slovakia (84%), the Czech Republic (81%), Estonia (80%), Belgium and Romania (both 73%). Conversely, more than 50% of total receipts were made up of taxes in Denmark (63%), Ireland and Cyprus (both 54%), and the United Kingdom (51%).

Social protection expenditure and funding, 2005

: Data not available
* Average annual growth rate per capita at constant 1995 prices.
** 2004
*** Protected persons include for example employees, self-employed and pensioners.

1. Social protection expenditure and receipts are calculated in line with the methodology of the 1996 version of the ESSPROS (European System of Integrated Social Protection Statistics) Manual. Expenditure includes social benefits, administration costs and other expenditure linked to social protection schemes. Social benefits are recorded without deduction of taxes or other compulsory levies payable by recipients. «Tax benefits» (tax reductions granted to households as part of social protection) are generally excluded.

2. EU27 is not available before 2005.

3. Eurostat, Statistics in Focus, 46/2008 «Social Protection in the European Union», available free of charge in pdf format on the Eurostat web site.

4. The Purchasing Power Standard (PPS) is an artificial reference currency unit that eliminates price level differences between countries. Thus one PPS buys the same volume of goods and services in all countries. This unit allows meaningful volume comparisons of economic indicators across countries.

5. Data for Luxembourg are not fully comparable since a significant proportion of benefits are paid to persons living outside the country (primarily expenditure on health care, pensions and family benefits). Excluding these payments, expenditure would fall by approximately 15%.